Next: Xtensa Jump Relaxation, Previous: Xtensa Branch Relaxation, Up: Xtensa Relaxation [Contents][Index]
Function calls may require relaxation because the Xtensa immediate call instructions (CALL0
, CALL4
, CALL8
and CALL12
) provide a PC-relative offset of only 512 Kbytes in either direction. For larger programs, it may be necessary to use indirect calls (CALLX0
, CALLX4
, CALLX8
and CALLX12
) where the target address is specified in a register. The Xtensa assembler can automatically relax immediate call instructions into indirect call instructions. This relaxation is done by loading the address of the called function into the callees return address register and then using a CALLX
instruction. So, for example:
call8 func
might be relaxed to:
.literal .L1, func l32r a8, .L1 callx8 a8
Because the addresses of targets of function calls are not generally known until link-time, the assembler must assume the worst and relax all the calls to functions in other source files, not just those that really will be out of range. The linker can recognize calls that were unnecessarily relaxed, and it will remove the overhead introduced by the assembler for those cases where direct calls are sufficient.
Call relaxation is disabled by default because it can have a negative effect on both code size and performance, although the linker can usually eliminate the unnecessary overhead. If a program is too large and some of the calls are out of range, function call relaxation can be enabled using the --longcalls command-line option or the longcalls
directive (see longcalls).