Node: Xtensa Call Relaxation, Next: Xtensa Immediate Relaxation, Previous: Xtensa Branch Relaxation, Up: Xtensa Relaxation

### Function Call Relaxation

Function calls may require relaxation because the Xtensa immediate call instructions (`CALL0`, `CALL4`, `CALL8` and `CALL12`) provide a PC-relative offset of only 512 Kbytes in either direction. For larger programs, it may be necessary to use indirect calls (`CALLX0`, `CALLX4`, `CALLX8` and `CALLX12`) where the target address is specified in a register. The Xtensa assembler can automatically relax immediate call instructions into indirect call instructions. This relaxation is done by loading the address of the called function into the callee's return address register and then using a `CALLX` instruction. So, for example:

             call8 func

might be relaxed to:

             .literal .L1, func
             l32r    a8, .L1
             callx8  a8

Because the addresses of targets of function calls are not generally known until link-time, the assembler must assume the worst and relax all the calls to functions in other source files, not just those that really will be out of range. The linker can recognize calls that were unnecessarily relaxed, but it can only partially remove the overhead introduced by the assembler.

Call relaxation has a negative effect on both code size and performance, so this relaxation is disabled by default. If a program is too large and some of the calls are out of range, function call relaxation can be enabled using the `--longcalls` command-line option or the `longcalls` directive (see longcalls).